Exploring the Subtleties in Training Methods and Fighting Methods

Chinese martial arts evolved over millennia from rudimentary forms to highly developed fighting methods that are governed by specific methodology. This methodology has two components: Lian Fa (練法) – Training Methods and Da Fa (打法) – Fighting Methods.

Lian Fa can be divided into two categories. The first includes training methods that incorporate auxiliary exercises such as warm-ups, conditioning, stretching, and balance exercises. While it is easy to discount these as not being necessary, it is best not to overlook them as they help develop specific physical attributes. The second aspect of Lian Fa includes actual martial arts skills and includes stances, basic techniques, and Tao Lu (forms or routines) with both empty hands and weapons.

The Training Methods noted above are instrumental in building your martial arts foundation, but you should not assume that you are now able defend yourself. Don’t be fooled into believing that you are able to fight. This is why Da Fa is an indispensable aspect of a comprehensive martial arts program.

Da Fa, or Fighting Methods, refers to techniques that must be practiced with a variety of partners. In Traditional Chinese martial arts these techniques include Ti – Kicking, Da – Striking, Shuai – Throwing, and Na – Joint Locking. Together these are known as Sz Ji, or Four Attacks.

You will learn, refine, and practice the kicks and strikes in the Training Methods stage. However, to be functional, they must be practiced with a partner in the Fighting Methods stage, because this will teach you to judge distance and timing.

Na, or Qinna, is the art of Seizing and Controlling. You learn to manipulate and control your partner/opponent through the application of joint locks and pressure points. These skills can only be practiced with a partner.

Shuai, or Shuai Jiao, is the art of Chinese Wrestling; many of its throws are similar to Japanese Judo. First you must learn to breakfall. You then practice with a partner and learn to ride the throws and to breakfall while being thrown. Being thrown helps you better understand the mechanics of throwing techniques.

Finally, Da Fa is expressed through San Shou, which means Free Hand or Free Style Sparring. Today, the more common term is San Da, and it incorporates Full Contact Fighting.   

Free Style Sparring should feature moderate contact and exclude certain vital target areas. This practice requires proper protective equipment, which, unfortunately, at times can lead to excessive contact. It is important to be watchful to avoid serious injury.

This post on Lian Fa and Da Fa only touches on the components of these two methods. Each, on its own, is a broad and deep subject.